PHP Operators
Operators are used to perform operations on variables and values.
PHP divides the operators in the following groups:
- Arithmetic operators
- Assignment operators
- Comparison operators
- Increment/Decrement operators
- Logical operators
- String operators
- Array operators
PHP Arithmetic Operators
The PHP arithmetic operators are used with numeric values to perform common arithmetical operations, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication etc.
| Operator | Name | Example | Result | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| + | Addition | $x + $y | Sum of $x and $y | |
| - | Subtraction | $x - $y | Difference of $x and $y | |
| * | Multiplication | $x * $y | Product of $x and $y | |
| / | Division | $x / $y | Quotient of $x and $y | |
| % | Modulus | $x % $y | Remainder of $x divided by $y | |
| ** | Exponentiation | $x ** $y | Result of raising $x to the $y'th power (Introduced in PHP 5.6) |
PHP Assignment Operators
The PHP assignment operators are used with numeric values to write a value to a variable.
The basic assignment operator in PHP is "=". It means that the left operand gets set to the value of the assignment expression on the right.
| Assignment | Same as... | Description | |
|---|---|---|---|
| x = y | x = y | The left operand gets set to the value of the expression on the right | |
| x += y | x = x + y | Addition | |
| x -= y | x = x - y | Subtraction | |
| x *= y | x = x * y | Multiplication | |
| x /= y | x = x / y | Division | |
| x %= y | x = x % y | Modulus |
PHP Comparison Operators
The PHP comparison operators are used to compare two values (number or string):
| Operator | Name | Example | Result | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| == | Equal | $x == $y | Returns true if $x is equal to $y | |
| === | Identical | $x === $y | Returns true if $x is equal to $y, and they are of the same type | |
| != | Not equal | $x != $y | Returns true if $x is not equal to $y | |
| <> | Not equal | $x <> $y | Returns true if $x is not equal to $y | |
| !== | Not identical | $x !== $y | Returns true if $x is not equal to $y, or they are not of the same type | |
| > | Greater than | $x > $y | Returns true if $x is greater than $y | |
| < | Less than | $x < $y | Returns true if $x is less than $y | |
| >= | Greater than or equal to | $x >= $y | Returns true if $x is greater than or equal to $y | |
| <= | Less than or equal to | $x <= $y | Returns true if $x is less than or equal to $y |
PHP Increment / Decrement Operators
The PHP increment operators are used to increment a variable's value.
The PHP decrement operators are used to decrement a variable's value.
| Operator | Name | Description | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ++$x | Pre-increment | Increments $x by one, then returns $x | |
| $x++ | Post-increment | Returns $x, then increments $x by one | |
| --$x | Pre-decrement | Decrements $x by one, then returns $x | |
| $x-- | Post-decrement | Returns $x, then decrements $x by one |
PHP Logical Operators
The PHP logical operators are used to combine conditional statements.
| Operator | Name | Example | Result | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| and | And | $x and $y | True if both $x and $y are true | |
| or | Or | $x or $y | True if either $x or $y is true | |
| xor | Xor | $x xor $y | True if either $x or $y is true, but not both | |
| && | And | $x && $y | True if both $x and $y are true | |
| || | Or | $x || $y | True if either $x or $y is true | |
| ! | Not | !$x | True if $x is not true |
PHP String Operators
PHP has two operators that are specially designed for strings.
| Operator | Name | Example | Result | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Concatenation | $txt1 . $txt2 | Concatenation of $txt1 and $txt2 | |
| .= | Concatenation assignment | $txt1 .= $txt2 | Appends $txt2 to $txt1 |
PHP Array Operators
The PHP array operators are used to compare arrays.
| Operator | Name | Example | Result | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| + | Union | $x + $y | Union of $x and $y | |
| == | Equality | $x == $y | Returns true if $x and $y have the same key/value pairs | |
| === | Identity | $x === $y | Returns true if $x and $y have the same key/value pairs in the same order and of the same types | |
| != | Inequality | $x != $y | Returns true if $x is not equal to $y | |
| <> | Inequality | $x <> $y | Returns true if $x is not equal to $y | |
| !== | Non-identity | $x !== $y | Returns true if $x is not identical to $y |
